Jerusalem's Founding Era
Founded in the 4th millennium BCE, Jerusalem's early structures were shaped by Canaanite and Jebusite inhabitants. The city's strategic hilltop position was fortified with robust walls, reflecting its defensive and spiritual significance even in these ancient times.
King David's Jerusalem
King David's conquest in 1000 BCE marked a pivotal shift. He established Jerusalem as a political and religious center. His son, Solomon, built the First Temple, transforming the city into a monumental hub of Jewish worship and pilgrimage.
Roman Influence and Expansion
Under Roman rule, Jerusalem saw a blend of cultures. Herod the Great's reign brought grandiose projects like the Second Temple's expansion and the Western Wall, creating an eclectic mix of Roman and Jewish architecture that still stands today.
Islamic Architectural Flourishes
The 7th-century Islamic conquest introduced new architectural styles. The iconic Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque were erected, showcasing intricate Islamic artistry and engineering, which have become prominent features of Jerusalem's skyline.
Crusader's Medieval Imprint
During the Crusades (1099-1187), European influences reshaped the city. Fortifications and churches like the Church of the Holy Sepulchre were either built or restored, leaving a lasting medieval Christian imprint on Jerusalem's diverse architectural landscape.
Ottoman Empire's Contributions
From 1517 onwards, the Ottomans left their mark with stone-clad gates and walls that still define the Old City's boundaries. The iconic Damascus Gate and the renovation of existing holy sites underscored the city's continuous evolution.
Contemporary Urban Development
Today, Jerusalem's architecture is a melting pot of history, with modern structures like the Knesset juxtaposed against ancient backdrops. The cityscape continually evolves while maintaining a dialogue with its multifaceted past.
Who first fortified Jerusalem?
King David's dynasty
Canaanite and Jebusite people
Roman rulers
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