Understanding and Managing Myopia

Myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness, is a vision condition where close objects are seen clearly, but distant ones are blurred. It occurs when the eyeball is too long, or the cornea has too much curvature.

Myopia is rapidly increasing globally, particularly in East Asia. Over 90% of teenagers and young adults in some urban areas of Asia are nearsighted. Environmental factors, alongside genetics, play a significant role in this surge.

Studies suggest a strong correlation between urbanization and the rise in myopia. Urban lifestyles often involve prolonged indoor activities and screen time, contributing to its prevalence.

Severe myopia increases risks of retinal detachment, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. These potential complications make it important to manage and monitor myopic progression.

Outdoor activities may help prevent early myopia onset. Experts recommend two hours of outdoor play for children daily to delay its progress. Additionally, proper lighting and regular eye breaks from screens are beneficial.

New methods to control myopia progression include orthokeratology (overnight contact lenses that reshape the cornea), atropine eye drops, and multifocal contact lenses, which are designed to reduce the eye's focusing effort.

Research on myopia is evolving, with a focus on genetic factors and the impact of early life exposure to light. Advances in technology and medicine could provide more personalized approaches to prevent and treat myopia.