Understanding Heterochromia
Heterochromia refers to a difference in coloration, usually of the iris but also in hair or skin. Human heterochromia is a rare condition, affecting less than 1% of the population.
Types of Heterochromia
There are three types: complete (each iris a different color), sectoral (part of one iris is a different color), and central (spikes of different colors radiate from the pupil).
Genetic and Acquired Causes
Heterochromia can be inherited or caused by genetic mosaicism, chimerism, disease, or injury. Acquired heterochromia is often a symptom of an underlying condition or trauma.
Famous Heterochromia Examples
Celebrities like David Bowie and Mila Kunis have brought attention to heterochromia. Bowie's case, however, was an illusion caused by a dilated pupil from an injury.
Heterochromia and Vision
Heterochromia generally does not affect vision. However, in rare cases, it can be associated with other conditions like Horner's syndrome that may impact eyesight.
Cultural Significance
Throughout history, heterochromia has been viewed with superstition and fascination. Some cultures have considered it a sign of witchcraft, while others see it as a mark of beauty.
Heterochromia in Animals
Heterochromia is more common in animals than humans. It is often seen in dogs, cats, and horses, and unlike in humans, it can be a breed characteristic, especially in huskies and Australian cattle dogs.