Understanding Radiation Safety and Protection

Radiation exists in various forms: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays. While alpha particles can't penetrate skin, gamma rays and X-rays can traverse the human body, posing greater health risks.

Radiation dose is measured in sieverts (Sv). Subunits like millisieverts (mSv) and microsieverts (µSv) denote smaller doses. Occupational exposure limits for radiation workers are set to 50 mSv per year.

Radiation can damage DNA, potentially causing cancer. Low doses may cause minor cellular repairs, while high doses can lead to radiation sickness, or even death. The body's sensitivity to radiation varies among tissues.

Three core principles guide radiation safety: Time, distance, and shielding. Minimize time near sources, maximize distance, and use appropriate shielding materials like lead or concrete to reduce exposure.

PPE for radiation includes lead aprons, thyroid shields, and lead glasses. These items prevent direct exposure to sensitive organs, providing an essential defense layer during radiological procedures.

Safety protocols involve regular equipment checks, employing dosimeters to monitor exposure, and adhering to legal exposure limits. Education and training ensure that individuals understand and implement these safety measures effectively.

In case of a radiological incident, emergency plans must be in place. This includes evacuation procedures, decontamination processes, and medical response strategies to mitigate radiation effects and ensure public safety.