Introduction to C++

C++ was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. Initially called 'C with Classes', it was designed to add object-oriented features to the C programming language. Its name was changed to C++ in 1983, symbolizing an increment over C.

C++ aims to provide both high-level abstractions and low-level hardware control. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. This flexibility makes it suitable for systems programming, game development, and real-time applications.

Introduced in 1994, the STL revolutionized C++ by providing a collection of reusable templates for data structures and algorithms. This library allows developers to write more efficient and maintainable code, leveraging powerful abstractions like vectors, lists, and maps.

Unlike many modern languages that rely on garbage collection, C++ gives programmers direct control over memory allocation and deallocation. This fine-grained control can lead to more efficient resource utilization but requires careful handling to avoid memory leaks and other issues.

Despite being over four decades old, C++ remains highly relevant. It powers critical systems like operating systems, browsers, and financial trading platforms. Recent updates, such as C++20, continue to evolve the language, adding features like concepts and ranges to improve developer productivity.

C++ was used to build the software for the Mars Rover missions, demonstrating its reliability and robustness in extreme environments.