Introduction to Networking

A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that share resources and information. Networks can range from local to global scale, using wired or wireless communication protocols.

Network topologies define the layout of a network. Five common types include star, mesh, bus, ring, and tree, each with unique advantages, scalability, and fault tolerance characteristics.

The Open Systems Interconnection model has seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer specifies network functions and hardware or software standards.

TCP/IP is the foundational protocol suite of the internet. It ensures data transmission across diverse networks, using IP for addressing and routing, and TCP for reliable delivery.

Network security protects data during transmission. Key measures include firewalls, encryption, secure protocols like SSL/TLS, and intrusion detection systems to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Wireless networks use radio waves for communication, offering mobility and flexibility. Wi-Fi is a common standard, using IEEE 802.11 protocols. It's vital to secure wireless communications against eavesdropping.

Essential networking hardware includes routers, switches, hubs, and bridges. Each plays a role in directing data flow, with routers being the backbone of the internet, forwarding data packets.