Types of Coal Mining
There are two main methods: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining is more common, accounting for about 70% of coal production. However, underground mining can access deeper coal seams.
Surface Mining Techniques
Surface mining includes strip mining, open-pit mining, and mountaintop removal. Strip mining involves removing soil and rock to expose coal seams. Mountaintop removal, a controversial method, blasts away entire mountaintops to access coal.
Underground Mining Methods
Underground mining includes room-and-pillar and longwall mining. Room-and-pillar mining leaves pillars of coal to support the roof. Longwall mining uses a machine called a shearer to cut coal from the seam, allowing the roof to collapse behind.
Environmental Impact
Coal mining significantly impacts the environment. Surface mining can destroy landscapes and habitats. Acid mine drainage from abandoned mines can contaminate water, while airborne pollutants from blasting and machinery contribute to air quality issues.
Coal Mining Innovations
Recent innovations aim to make coal mining safer and more efficient. Automation and remote-controlled equipment reduce human risk. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is being developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal combustion.Oldest Mine Still Active
The oldest known coal mine still in operation today dates back to the 12th century, located in the United Kingdom.
What percentage does surface mining contribute?
Around 30% of coal production
Approximately 70% of coal production
Nearly 50% of all mining
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