Understanding Osteotomy Basics

Osteotomy is a surgical operation that involves the cutting and reshaping of bone. It is performed to correct misalignments, relieve pain, and restore function to bones and joints.

The practice dates back to the 18th century. Initially, it was a rudimentary procedure, but with modern technology, it has evolved into a precise surgical technique with computer-assisted planning.

Osteotomies can be classified by location, such as knee, hip, or jaw. Each type addresses specific conditions like arthritis or dysplasia and employs techniques like wedge removal or bone grafting.

Osteotomy is often preferred over joint replacement for younger patients, as it preserves the natural joint and maintains proprioception, potentially delaying the need for joint replacement.

Recovery involves immobilization, gradual weight bearing, and physical therapy. Full recovery can take months, with the bone's healing process being crucial to the success of the procedure.

Potential complications include infection, nonunion, or malunion of the bone. Careful preoperative planning and postoperative management are essential to minimize these risks.

Recent advancements include 3D printing for precise bone cuts and patient-specific guides, enhancing the accuracy and outcomes of osteotomies remarkably.