Introduction to Tiwanaku Astronomy
The Tiwanaku civilization, pre-dating the Inca, had a sophisticated understanding of astronomy. They integrated celestial observations into their architecture, agriculture, and spirituality in the Andean highlands.
Architectural Alignment Precision
Tiwanaku's structures are precisely aligned with astronomical events. The Kalasasaya temple aligns with the sun’s rise on the equinoxes, hinting at a deep understanding of the solar cycle.
The Gate of the Sun
The iconic Gate of the Sun possibly functioned as a solar calendar. Intricately carved with a deity and celestial motifs, it heralds the summer solstice sun's rays through its central gap.
Agricultural Calendar Integration
Astronomy was vital for crop cycles. Tiwanaku’s people likely used the sky's patterns to predict weather changes, ensuring agricultural productivity in the harsh Andean environment.
Luni-Solar Observations
Tiwanaku may have used both lunar and solar cycles to manage time. Their dual counting of moon phases and solar year created a complex luni-solar calendar system.
Astronomical Petroglyphs Discovery
Recent findings suggest Tiwanaku's petroglyphs also have astronomical purposes. Carvings that mark celestial events have been found, pushing back the known history of astronomical practices in the Americas.
Mystery of the Chakana
The Chakana, or Andean cross, may have origins in Tiwanaku astronomy. This stepped cross symbolizing the three planes of existence might also encapsulate astronomical and calendrical knowledge.
Who preceded Inca with astronomy?
Mayans
Tiwanaku civilization
Aztecs
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