Introduction to Vasoactive Peptides

Vasoactive peptides are small proteins that regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. They play crucial roles in cardiovascular homeostasis and are therapeutic targets for hypertension.

Endothelin is one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors known. Produced by endothelial cells, it has far-reaching effects, including smooth muscle cell proliferation, implicated in atherosclerosis.

Natriuretic peptides, such as ANP and BNP, are secreted by the heart. They counteract hypertension by dilating blood vessels and promoting sodium excretion, thus reducing blood volume.

Bradykinin, a vasodilator, is pivotal in inflammatory responses. Its levels spike in allergic reactions, contributing to pain, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability.

Angiotensin II, a key player in the renin-angiotensin system, tightly regulates blood pressure. It causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone release, increasing blood volume.

Imbalances in vasoactive peptides contribute to numerous diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disorders. Understanding their mechanisms can lead to innovative treatments.

Research into vasoactive peptides has spurred the development of drugs like ACE inhibitors and receptor antagonists, revolutionizing cardiovascular disease treatment.