Introduction to Hangman Fracture

A hangman fracture is a break in the C2 vertebra of the neck. It's named after judicial hangings, which often caused this injury. However, modern cases usually result from car accidents or falls.

The fracture typically occurs due to hyperextension and axial loading. This means that a forceful backward movement of the neck combined with downward pressure can cause the C2 vertebra to break.

Common symptoms include neck pain, limited range of motion, and sometimes neurological deficits. Diagnosis is usually confirmed with X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess the extent of the injury.

Treatment can range from immobilization with a cervical collar to surgical intervention, depending on the severity. Non-surgical treatments are often sufficient, but severe cases may require stabilization surgery.

Despite its severity, a hangman fracture often has a good prognosis. Unlike other cervical fractures, it rarely leads to spinal cord injury because the fractured fragments move away from the spinal canal.

In World War II, pilots with hangman fractures sometimes flew and landed planes safely before seeking medical help, showcasing human resilience and the injury's unique nature.