Geological History of the Alps

The Alps formed about 30 million years ago during the Alpine orogeny. The collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates caused the uplift of these mountains, creating the stunning range we see today.

Fossils of marine organisms found in the Alps indicate that these mountains were once submerged under a vast ancient sea. The presence of limestone and other sedimentary rocks also supports this marine origin.

The Alps' geology is incredibly complex, with multiple phases of folding, faulting, and metamorphism. This complexity results from the continuous tectonic activity over millions of years, shaping the intricate structure of the mountain range.

The Alps feature unique rock formations, such as the Dolomites, made predominantly of dolomite rock. These formations are a result of specific chemical conditions during their formation, setting them apart from other mountain ranges.

The Alps are still evolving, with ongoing tectonic movements causing earthquakes and further shaping the landscape. Erosion from glaciers, rivers, and weathering continually modifies the mountains, making them a dynamic geological feature.

In 1356, a major earthquake near Basel caused significant damage, demonstrating the Alps' ongoing tectonic activity even in historical times.