Introduction to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of security vulnerability commonly found in web applications. It allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by users, potentially compromising sensitive information.

XSS attacks are categorized into three types: Stored (persistent), Reflected (non-persistent), and DOM-based. Each type exploits different vectors but shares the common goal of injecting malicious scripts into web applications.

Stored XSS can have long-term effects as the malicious script is saved on the server and executed every time the affected page is loaded. This type of XSS can be particularly damaging if injected into popular pages.

To mitigate XSS, use input validation and output encoding. Content Security Policy (CSP) can also help by defining which scripts are allowed to run. Regular security audits and code reviews are essential for proactive protection.

XSS vulnerabilities can also exist in browser extensions, allowing attackers to inject scripts that affect multiple websites. Ensure extensions are from trusted sources and regularly updated to minimize risks.

Printers can be hacked using XSS, leading to unauthorized access and data leaks. Always update printer firmware to prevent such attacks.