Understanding DNA Methylation and Its Role in Gene Expression

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression. It involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA, typically at cytosine bases near gene promoters.

Methylation patterns are crucial during embryonic development. They're established early and are responsible for differentiating cell types by selectively silencing genes.

External factors like diet, stress, and toxins can alter DNA methylation. Surprisingly, these changes can sometimes be inherited, showing epigenetic effects across generations.

Distinct methylation patterns can predict biological age. Some regions of the genome become more methylated with age, while others lose methylation, potentially impacting longevity and age-related diseases.

Cancer cells often exhibit abnormal methylation patterns, with tumor suppressor genes typically being hypermethylated, leading to their inactivation and unchecked cell growth.

Methylation plays a role in the formation of long-term memories. Studies indicate that altering methylation patterns in the brain can affect memory storage and retention.

Understanding and manipulating methylation patterns holds potential for treating diseases. Epigenetic therapy is an emerging field aiming to reset aberrant methylation, offering hope for personalized medicine.